Certifications are often a necessity in any market, but in North America evaluations must be performed by an approved unbiased certification authority. We have worked extensively with UL CSA and ETL to name a few on many projects in the past. We hold the bottom line down by succeeding the first time through, and inspection can be a relaxed event if planned carefully. Understanding the certification needs of a product at the development stage allows design considerations to take into account certification preferences without the added cost of redesigning at the certification stage.